2023年，装配自动化市场价值已达到515.8亿美元，预计到2032年将达到1112.6亿美元，复合年增长率突破8.9%。推动这一增长的因素主要包括工业上对更高生产效率需求的增加、5G技术的采用、以及在制造生产中使用工业物联网（IIoT）解决方案提高生产力与生产效率的日益普及。装配自动化广泛应用于汽车、电子、航空航天、医疗等各个行业。例如，在汽车装配中，机器人被大量用于执行焊接、喷漆、小零件装配和质量检查等任务。这种自动化确保了工业生产的高精度性和一致性，缩短了生产时间，并通过由机器处理危险任务而大大提高了生产过程的安全性。
本项目将研究赞助公司的其中一条主要产品线：铆接技术。铆接是一种通过将金属销钉或螺栓（统称为“铆钉”）对准插入待链接材料（通常为金属），并通过将铆钉变形膨胀使材料紧密结合在一起的过程。这种方法能使材料建立强力且永久的链接。针对现有技术，我们的赞助公司提出了一个实际问题：如何解决铆接过程中的发生的振动？在铆接过程中，振动会导致铆钉变形不当，从而导致接头强度不足、铆钉无法填满材料预留的焊接孔等问题，进而降低接头的整体强度与可靠性。因此，本项目主要对铆接过程中发生的振动进行分析研究。
为解决上述振动问题，我们小组在本次毕业设计项目中开发了一种可在铆接过程中进行振动数据收集与分析的系统。在赞助公司的协助下，我们设计并制造了适用于旋铆机的U型待测部件。目前，该系统主要由两部分组成：用于精确数据提取的数据采集设备（激光传感器、放大器、Arduino开发板）以及由我们团队设计的数据可视化和自动分析软件。
The assembly automation market was valued at 51.58 billion USD in 2023 and is expected to reach 111.26 billion USD by 2032, with a CAGR of 8.9%. Factors driving this growth include the expanding demand for higher production rates, the adoption of 5G technology, and the increasing use of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) solutions to enhance productivity and efficiency in manufacturing processes. Assembly automation is widely used across various industries like automotive, electronics, aerospace, medical, and many more. Robots are extensively used in the assembly of automobiles, performing tasks such as welding, painting, assembling small parts, and quality inspection. This automation ensures precision and consistency, reduces production time, and improves safety by handling hazardous tasks.
Our project focuses on riveting technology which is one of the main product lines of our sponsor company. Riveting is a process used to join two or more pieces of material, typically metal, by inserting a metal pin or bolt (known as a rivet) through aligned holes in the pieces to be joined. The rivet is then deformed or set so that it expands and holds the pieces tightly together. This creates a strong, permanent bond.
During the project, our team focused on vibration analysis which happen during the riveting process. Vibrations can lead to improper deformation of the rivet, resulting in weak joints. The rivet may not fully fill the hole or create a secure head, reducing the overall strength and reliability of the joint. Vibrations can lead to improper deformation of the rivet, resulting in weak joints. The rivet may not fully fill the hole or create a secure head, reducing the overall strength and reliability of the joint. This is an actual problem presented to us by our sponsors.
Our group has developed a system for vibration data collection and analysis during the riveting process as part of our capstone project. With the help of the sponsored company, we have designed and manufactured the customized U-shaped test items that can be used on riveting machines. Currently, this system mainly includes two parts: data-collection unit, including laser sensor, amplifier, and Arduino board, for accurate data extraction, and a software application designed by our team for data visualization and automated analysis.
